A cog is a type of ship that first appeared in the 10th century, and was widely used from around the 12th century on. However, the increase in carrying capacity made a slower passage economically feasible. It was mainly made from oak and the particular timber that could be found in the Baltic region of Prussia. It was a round ship that had a laid flat bottom but has overlapped strakes near the posts. Current archaeological evidence points to the Frisian coast or Western Jutland as the possible birthplace of this type of vessel.
The larger ships, which could not be pulled across the sand bars, had to sail around the Jutland peninsula and circumnavigate the dangerous Cape Skagen to get to the Baltic. These early cogs were influenced by the Norse knarr, which was the main trade vessel in northern Europe at the time, which used a steering oar.
One large advantage it has over the similarly-sized corbita is that the second passenger to board is put into the crows nest, giving them a great view of the surrounding area. Thus began an effort that has…. Oct 20, 2015 - Explore adam riefe's board "Cog Ships" on Pinterest. But because of bad geographical conditions and currents the passage was constantly blocked, this was causing massive trouble and delay for the traders. The theory on how these ships emerged and were developed it’s pretty interesting.
[12] Complicated systems of rigging were developed to support the mast and to operate the sail. Cogs were large sailing ships with their bows and sterns built at a higher level than the rest of the ship in order to form a castle like structure which was used to defend the ship from enemies using archers. The crew of a square-sailed cog of the same size was only 20 sailors.
Bonnet turned his comfortable life around and ventured towards a life of crime in becoming a pirate. The lower plank h… The classic cog, with a rear-mounted rudder, is first mentioned in 948 AD.
This is known as the Vertical center of gravity (VCG) or simply KG. A limitation of cogs is that they lack points to mount additional masts: at least some fore-and-aft sails are desirable for manoeuvrability but clinker-built cogs were effectively limited to a single sail. The Gentleman Pirate – The Wealthy Man Turned Pirate.
They had a full clincker planking covering the ides and double-clenched iron nails for the planks. They had full lapstrake planking covering the sides, generally starting from the bilge strakes, and double-clenched iron nails for plank fastenings. BDO Cog ship was introduced with the Great Expedition expansion. SHIP counselors can speak to individuals and groups about Medicare benefits, coverage rules, written notices, forms, appeal rights, procedures, and more.
If the heavier weights are loaded on the top part of the ship, then COG of the ship will be towards the top of the vessel. Cogs were clinker-built, generally of oak. The keel, or keelplank, was only slightly thicker than the adjacent garboards and had no rabbet. The need for spacious and relatively inexpensive ships led to the development of the first workhorse of the Hanseatic League, the cog.
With the constant advancement of the cog it was until the 14th century where it reached it’s limits and people thought that a new and improved ship should be invented. [21] This resulted in major modifications to old ship structures, which can be observed by analyzing the evolution of the earliest cog finds of Kollerup, Skagen, and Kolding. Carrying this huge weight was key for the dominance of sea trade.
https://www.britannica.com/technology/cog-ship. These early cogs probably used a steering oar (side rudder, quarter rudder). William the Conqueror's invasion force force crossed to England in 1066 on a Norman variety of the cog, and this type influenced the development of the French nef (see Nao.) [8][9], The keel, or keelplank, was only slightly thicker than the adjacent garboards and had no rabbet. Before the next plank is fitted, the face of the land on the lower strake is bevelled to suit the angle at which the next strake will lie in relation with it.
Much of what we know of the vessel’s construction comes from one of these vessels - the “Bremen Cog”, parts of which were recovered from the sludge of the Weser River at Bemen, Germany, during the 1960s. [citation needed][Clarification needed], Cogs are first mentioned in 948 AD, in Muiden near Amsterdam. Copyright © 2020 Bright Hub PM.
Both stem and stern-posts were straight and rather long, and connected to the keelplank through intermediate pieces called hooks.
Whilst known as a trading vessel they were occasionally active in war – the Battle of Sluys during the Hundred Years War was fought on cogs – although that was more of a case of a land battle fought on ships than the normally perceived naval engagement. Proceedings of 5th Glavimans Symposium on Ship Archaeology. A sternpost rudder appeared during the thirteenth century. On both the sides of the keel there is lapstrake planking, firmly fixed by iron nails. The main factor was the trade and Limfjord. In the ancient time, cog ships were used for both carrying cargo and for war purposes.
The cog of northern Europe was a typical round ship.
This means that the boat's passage through the water will not tend to lift the ends of the planking away from the stem. These early cogs were influenced by the Norse Knarr, which was the main trade vessel in northern Europe at the time, and probably used a steering oar, as there is nothing to suggest a stern rudder in northern Europe until about 1240. The cog was the general trading vessel of the Middle Ages in north-west Europe. Typical seagoing cogs ranged from about 15 to 25 meters (49 to 82 ft) in length, with a beam of 5 to 8 meters (16 to 26 ft) and were 30–200 tons burthen. Other articles where Cog is discussed: ship: 17th-century developments: …by another Venetian ship, the cog. [6] Crews of up to 45 for civilian cogs are recorded, and 60 for a 240 ton cog being used for military transportation. A medium difficulty ship, the cog requires fewer sails but more wooden materials than the corbita and is harder to create. [25] During its excavation and recovery an intact brick dome oven and glazed tiles were found in the galley as well as a number of other artifacts. [17][19] The flat bottom permitted cogs to be readily beached and unloaded at low tide when quays were not available; a useful trait when purpose built jetties were not common. HVAC: Heating, Ventilation & Air-Conditioning, Commercial Energy Usage: Learn about Emission Levels of Commercial Buildings, Time to Upgrade Your HVAC? The cog was constantly changed and it could be monitored by the archeological findings, the ship was new and improved and it wasn’t just a simple ship. [2] Cogs used to have open hulls and could be rowed short distances.
[13] Cordage was usually hemp or flax[note 1] and the sail hemp-based canvas. Developed by the ship builders of Northern Europe, cogs were extensively used in the Baltic Sea region. A cog ship refers to one of those ships that were invented in the middle ages. This varies all along the land.
Cogs are spacious ships with only one large mast that holds a single square sail. Finally, the cog-built structure could not be completed without a stern-mounted hanging central rudder, which was a unique northern development. A sturdy one-masted merchant ship with a flat bottom. Keels appeared before the thirteenth century, increasing their draft and increasing the requirement for docks when loading/unloading, but reducing leeway. Moreover, the early cogs were not large and had open hulls with very less continuous sailing capability. The plank of the keel is thicker than the lapstrake planking at the sides. A buss of 240 tons with lateen sails was required by maritime statutes of Venice to be manned by a crew of 50 sailors.
Tasty Medieval Bread Recipe Which You Can Make Right Now, The Year of The 4 Roman Emperors – The Ultimate Fight for Power, Richard Lionheart – The King Killed By a Boy. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. However, the only drawback of this construction was that it prevented sailing directly into the wind. [3], Reconstructed excavated cog from 1380 at Deutsches Schiffahrtsmuseum. This means that as the size of cog hull became bigger the size of sails also increased. Description. Caulking was generally tarred moss that was inserted into curved grooves, covered with wooden laths, and secured by metal staples called sintels. The new and improved cog was no longer a simple Frisian coaster but a sturdy seagoing trader, which could cross even the most dangerous passages. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. [18][22], Eventually, around the 14th century, the cog reached its structural limits, and larger or more seaworthy vessels needed to be of a different type.
Although the name cog is recorded as early as the 9th century, the seagoing vessel of that name seems to have evolved on the Frisian coast during the 12th century. At the stem, chases are formed; that is, in each case, the land of the lower strake is tapered to a feather edge at the end of the strake where it meets the stem or stern-post. It was a philosophical school that arose in Athens in 300 BC. Here is how a classic cog looked like: As mentioned they appeared and was first mentioned in the 10th century, to be precise in 948 near Amsterdam. "Cogge en Coggeschip: Late Trends in Cog Development".
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