OBJECTIVES 1. Structure   Retinal layer anatomy 3. The vertebrate retina is inverted in the sense that the light sensing cells are in back of the retina, so that light has to pass through layers of neurons and capillaries before it reaches the rods and cones. Your email address will not be published. No fundo do olho (parte posterior e interna do globo), a retina apresenta duas formações muito importantes: a pupila óptica e a mácula. The central portion of the retina is called the macula, which is responsible for central vision. GROSS ANATOMY-REVIEW The retina proper is a thin and delicate layer of nervous tissue- covers ¾ of inner eye wall Grossly retina is divided into two parts; Central retina 1. We use your LinkedIn profile and activity data to personalize ads and to show you more relevant ads. https://medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/layers+of+retina. About 3 mm medial to the fovea is the optic disc, where axons of the ganglionic cells converge to form the optic nerve. It is an elastic layer that gets thicker with age, limiting the capacity of capillaries to deliver nourishment and oxygen to the other parts of the retina. Layers 2-10 comprise the neural layer. A. Retina is 3 neuron system composed of 3 layers of cells: Remember: RBG (Red, Blue, Green) – the color model for color vision. tubes that transmit light to the retina.1. The photoreceptor cells require a lot of oxygen for energy and need a constant supply of oxygen-carrying blood, but the neurons require space between the neurons/axons without intrusion of fluid or other wastes. Retina damage can take a variety of forms: 1. The ciliary and iridial parts of the retina are forward prolongations of the pigmented layer and a layer of supporting columnar or epithelial cells over the ciliary body and the posterior surface of the iris, respectively. The retina at the back of the eye is essential for all vision. See: A condition in which there is an effusion of fluid between the retina and choroid, giving the retina a funnel shape. The ciliary and iridial parts of the retina are forward prolongations of the pigmented layer and a layer of supporting columnar or epithelial cells over the ciliary body and the posterior surface of the iris, respectively. Check out, please ⇒ www.HelpWriting.net ⇐, A professional Paper writing services can alleviate your stress in writing a successful paper and take the pressure off you to hand it in on time. Horizontal cells: help sharpen the receptive field of bipolar cells, Amacrine cells: help sharpen the response of ganglion cells. Looks like you’ve clipped this slide to already. 1. Retina, layer of nervous tissue that covers the inside of the back two-thirds of the eyeball, in which stimulation by light occurs, initiating the sensation of vision. Cookies and Privacy policy  Vale dizer, também, que a retina é uma extensão do cérebro e representa o dispositivo sensorial do órgão da visão. These axons and dendrites (synapses) are arranged in a layer known as Plexiform layer. How it works   Slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. As células epiteliais dessa camada apresentam forma poligonal, com cinco ou seis lados, aderindo umas às outras, de modo a constituir um compacto mosaico. Franze, et al. Como mencionado anteriormente, a retina é uma camada fina de células fotorreceptoras que recebem a luz. See our User Agreement and Privacy Policy. Sob a ação da luz, sofre uma transformação química, convertendo-se em proteína incolor, para depois restabelecer-se, uma vez na obscuridade. being converted to nerve impulses involves an interesting process. Light sensitive layer of the eye, that consists of four major layers: the outer neural layer, containing nerve cells and blood vessels, the photoreceptor layer, a single layer that contains the light sensing rods and cones, the pigmented retinal epithelium (PRE) and the choroid, consisting of connective tissue and capillaries. The specific layers and structures referenced in this tutorial are highlighted in white. Esse ponto tem o aspecto de um pequeno disco esbranquiçado, com cerca de 1,5 milímetro de diâmetro, no qual se desenham, claramente, os vasos que levam alimento ao olho. The process of phototransduction (response to light) in rods and cones is virtually the same. A retina é formada, fundamentalmente, por três camadas: a de células pigmentadas, a de células sensoriais e a de células ganglionares. that change size when they are energized. The retina spreads around the inside of the entire back of the eye. Sonasi says he's convinced that the Demolisher system is God's answer to his prayers! With this Knowledge, now lets draw the microanatomy of retina: Each retina has 100 million rods, 3 million cones and only 1.6 million ganglion cells. Wikipedia sections on retina, retinal epithelium, photoreceptors, bruch's, choroid, etc.. © 2003-2020, NaturalEyeCare,™Inc., All rights reserved. You can get help from research paper writing. In the Lateral Geniculate Body (LGB). If you wish to opt out, please close your SlideShare account. Susan DeRemer, CFRE https://epomedicine.com/medical-students/retinal-layers-simplified/, IV Cannula Color Code : Tricks to Remember, Constructing Differential Diagnoses : Mnemonic, Common mistakes in Per Abdominal examination, Management of Diabetes – GLUCOSE BAD mnemonic, CNS examination long case: How to prepare, A Case of Neonatal Umbilical Infection leading to Septic Shock, Partial Exchange transfusion for Neonate with Polycythemia, A Child with Fever, Diarrhea, AKI, Hematuria, Altered senosrium and Anemia, Case of Cyanotic Congenital Heart Disease : PGE1 saves life, A Classical case of Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia, Internal Iliac Artery Anatomy : Simplified, Pigmented epithelium with Zona occludens (outer blood-retina barrier), Nerve fiber layer (Axons of ganglion cell layer that form optic nerve), Inner – refers to layers which are close to the vitreous humor, Outer – refers to layers which are close to the choroid, Nuclei of Photoreceptors – forms Outer Nuclear Layer, Nuclei of Bipolar cells (1st order neuron), Horizontal cells (outer to Bipolar cells), Amacrine cells (inner to Bipolar cells) and Muller cell (supporting glial cells) – forms Inner Nuclear Layer. RETINA: Microscopic structure of optic disk area. Sua estrutura é diferente do restante da retina – o que lhe confere sensibilidade excepcional -, caracterizando-se por uma depressão, no centro da qual se acha a fóvea central. Bipolar cells – The dependence of each layer of the retina on each other is exemplified here. These cells take the electrical information from the photoreceptor cells and pass it along to other retinal cells. Rods help you with night and peripheral vision. Grossly, the retina consists of three parts: optic, ciliary, and iridial. The light-sensitive membrane forming the innermost layer of the eyeball. Light micrograph of a vertical section through human peripheral retina Central retina is cone-dominated retina whereas peripheral retina is rod-dominated. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Ophthalmology, JDWNRH See: illustration. Por essa razão, n retina é considerada, a rigor, uma expansão do nervo óptico. Structure of the retina showing the rods and cones. At the posterior pole of the visual axis is the macula, in the center of which is the fovea, the area of acute vision. Learn more. The ten layers of retina – this microscopic anatomy is frequently asked in examinations and also important from the physiological viewpoint. How it works Retinal layers Structure Types of damage Photoreceptors Connective Hole / Wrinkle in the macula Sugar balance Vitamin A. Entre as extra-oculares, enquadram-se o diabete, a hipertensão arterial, a arteriosclerose, os tumores cerebrais etc. O que se vê, portanto, é o conjunto de reflexos luminosos emitidos pelo objeto observado. Vitamin A. A retina having an opalescent appearance, sometimes seen in young persons. The retina is a layer of tissue at the back of the eye. All content on this website, including dictionary, thesaurus, literature, geography, and other reference data is for informational purposes only. Thus 60 rods and 2 cones converge on each ganglionic cell and optic nerve fiber. The pars optica, the nervous or sensory portion, extends from the optic disk forward to the ora serrata, a wavy line immediately behind the ciliary process; the pars ciliaris lines the inner surface of the ciliary process; and the pars iridica forms the posterior surface of the iris. Unlike other receptors, the photoreceptors are hyperpolarized (instead of depolarized) and donot porduce action potential. Embriologicamente, a retina origina-se do tecido nervoso e é o primeiro tecido ocular a ser formado (a partir do ectoderma), surgindo entre o 27.0 e o 28.0 dia da gravidez. From Applegate, 2000. The retina is normally red, reflecting blood flow, and is pale in anemia or ischemia. Quando se deseja ver alguma coisa com absoluta nitidez, é necessário dirigir os olhos de modo que a imagem se forme nesse ponto. The ganglion cells, whose axons form the optic nerve, are at the front of the retina; therefore the optic nerve must cross through the retina en route to the brain. A retina having a spotted or striped appearance, seen in retinitis pigmentosa. This region contains only cones and is the region of the most acute vision. Synapses between Bipolar cells, Ganglion cells and Amacrine cells. This region is devoid of rods and cones and is insensitive to light; hence it is named the blind spot. Anatomically the optic disc is slightly smaller. The Retina. The retina is a light-sensitive membrane on which light rays are focused. Fazendo a ligação entre o cérebro e a retina, o nervo óptico penetra no globo ocular, atravessa a esclerótica e a coroide, e atinge a retina.

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