MED2020_V1_00_NAME_ASCII, The Commission argued that under MMP, all parties would have to pay attention to Māori voters, and that the existence of separate Māori electorates marginalised Māori concerns. In 1902, a consolidation of electoral law prompted considerable discussion of the Māori electorates, and some MPs proposed their abolition. But I just want people to feel that they all have opportunities for representation". The electorates aroused controversy even at the time of their origin, and given their intended temporary nature, there were a number of attempts to abolish them. When a Royal Commission proposed the adoption of the MMP electoral system in 1986, it also proposed that if the country adopted the new system, it should abolish the Māori electorates. The other 49 MPs are selected from the party lists. [8] Each five-yearly Māori Electoral Option determines the number of Māori electorates for the next one or two elections. You must attribute the creator in your own works. Considerably later, in 1953, the first ever major re-alignment of Māori electoral boundaries occurred, addressing inequalities in voter numbers. After Judith Collins replaced Todd Muller as Leader of the National Party in July 2020 she announced that "I am not opposed to the Māori seats. In New Zealand politics, Māori electorates, colloquially known as the Māori seats, are a special category of electorate that until 1967 gave reserved positions to representatives of Māori in the New Zealand Parliament. This reduced the number of calls for the abolition of Māori electorates, as many presumed that Māori would eventually abandon the Māori electorates of their own accord. [44] Three years later, despite a historic landslide to the Labour party, Maori party candidate Rawiri Waititi successfully unseated Coffey, returning the Maori parliament to Parliament. The first Māori elections were held in the following year during the term of the 4th New Zealand Parliament. Second, the geographical size of the Māori electoral boundaries vary significantly from the general electorates. [21] However this policy may be changing. Following the Electoral Amendment Act of 1967, the 100-year-old disqualification preventing Europeans from standing as candidates in Māori seats was removed.
Each part of the country is represented in Parliament by an electorate MP. The Minister of Māori Affairs, James Carroll, supported proposals for the abolition of Māori electorates, pointing to the fact that he himself had won the general electorate of Waiapu.
Each profile includes election results, statistics about people, households and industries, and maps. Former Māori Party co-leader Pita Sharples proposed the creation of an additional electorate, for Māori living in Australia, where there are between 115,000 and 125,000 Māori, the majority living in Queensland.[30]. [26][27], From 1868 to 1996, four Māori electorates existed (out of a total that slowly changed from 76 to 99). Although the National government had enough MPs to govern without the Māori Party, it invited the Māori Party to support their minority government on confidence and supply in return for policy concessions and two ministerial posts outside of Cabinet.
LAND_AREA_SQ_KM, [18], In 1976, Māori gained the right for the first time to decide on which electoral roll they preferred to enrol. This includes proficiency in the Māori language, knowledge of tikanga Māori, whakawhanaungatanga skills and confidence on the marae. This dataset was first added to Stats NZ Geographic Data Service on 08 Apr 2020. Again, the focus on Māori electorates prompted further debate about their existence. Like Elizabeth McCombs, New Zealand's first woman MP, Ratana won the seat in a hotly contested by-election caused by the death of her husband Matiu in 1949.[14]. The reasoning behind these attempts has varied – some have seen the electorates as an unfair or unnecessary advantage for Māori, while others have seen them as discriminatory and offensive. For a long period this dominance owed much to Labour's alliance with the Rātana Church, although the Rātana influence has diminished in recent times.
[28] They comprised:[29].
These boundaries comprise the seven Māori electorates released by the Representation Commission in April 2020. In the end the setting up of Māori electorates separate from existing electorates assuaged conservative opposition to the bill – conservatives had previously feared that Māori would gain the right to vote in general electorates, thereby forcing all MPs (rather than just four Māori MPs) to take notice of Māori opinion. [24] During post-election negotiations with the Labour Party, Peters indicated that he would consider dropping his call for a referendum on the Māori seats due to the defeat of the Māori Party at the 2017 election. Eleven electorates have had name changes. Regardless, the possible abolition of the Māori electorates appeared indicated when they did not appear among the electoral provisions entrenched against future modification. This had little practical effect for people on the general roll, but it transferred Māori to the general roll if the card was not handed in. [7] Māori owned a great deal of land, but they held it in common, not under individual title, and under the law, only land held under individual title could count towards the property qualification. AREA_SQ_KM, WHAKATAU 2020 Election Debate: With the highest voter turnout of any Māori seat, the northern Te Tai Tokerau is never silent.
National announced in 2008 it would abolish the electorates when all historic Treaty settlements have been resolved, which it aimed to complete by 2014. To support users with the compatibility of the data and the applications they might be using, additional fields are also provided in ASCII format. Watch Whakatau 2020 Election Coverage - Debates, Te Tai Tokerau online WHAKATAU 2020 Election Debate: Will the Māori …
Almost three-quarters of New Zealand's 65 general and seven Māori electorates were considered safe for the incumbents. The Māori MPs, however, mounted a strong defence of the electorates, with Wi Pere depicting guaranteed representation in Parliament as one of the few rights Māori possessed not "filched from them by the Europeans". Māori electorates operate much as do general electorates, but have as electors people who are Māori or of Māori descent, and who choose to place their names on a separate electoral roll rather than on the "general roll". The ACT Party and the National Party have each advocated abolition of the separate electorates.
), Since 1967, therefore, there has not been any electoral guarantee of representation by candidates who have Māori descent. The parties then represented in Parliament had not put up official candidates in the by-election. Electoral districts for Māori voters in New Zealand, Local government in New Zealand#Māori wards and constituencies, "Number of Electorates and Electoral Populations: 2013 Census", "Māori Electoral Option 2013 | Electoral Commission", "1. These boundaries comprise the seven Māori electorates released by the Representation Commission in April 2020. In the 1993 election, however, the new New Zealand First party, led by the part-Māori Winston Peters – who himself held the general seat of Tauranga from 1984 to 2005 – gained the Northern Māori seat (electing Tau Henare to Parliament), and in the 1996 election New Zealand First captured all the Māori electorates for one electoral term. However, the government had other matters to attend to, and the issue of the Māori electorates gradually faded from view without any changes.
In the 2017 general election, 19,251 valid candidate votes were cast, only a 59% turn out – the lowest of all seven Māori electorates. For the 2002 and 2005 elections, these were: From 2008, Tainui was largely replaced by Hauraki-Waikato, giving the following seven Māori electorates: While seven out of 70 (10%) does not nearly reflect the proportion of New Zealanders who identify as being of Māori descent (about 18%), many Māori choose to enroll in general electorates, so the proportion reflects the proportion of voters on the Māori roll. [3], The Māori electorates were introduced in 1867 under the Maori Representation Act. These boundaries comprise the seven Māori electorates released by the Representation Commission in April 2020. Other MPs, however, supported the abolition of Māori electorates for different reasons – Frederick Pirani, a member of the Liberal Party, said that the absence of Māori voters from general electorates prevented "pākehā members of the House from taking that interest in Māori matters that they ought to take". MED2020_V1_00_NAME, [7], A development of particular interest to Māori came in 2004 with the resignation of Tariana Turia from her ministerial position in the Labour-dominated coalition and from her Te Tai Hauāuru parliamentary seat. Periodically there have been calls for the abolition of the Māori seats.
First, there are a number of skills that are essential for candidates to have in order to engage with their constituencies and ensure a clear line of accountability to representing the 'Māori voice'. In the 1950s the practice of reserving electorates for Māori was described by some politicians "as a form of 'apartheid', like in South Africa". Five to 18 general electorates fit into any one Māori electorate.[7]. The boundaries of 30 general and five Māori electorates have been changed, with a new electorate in South Auckland named, Takanini. There are two features of the Māori electorates that make them distinct from the general electorates. The Māori electorates came closer than ever to abolition, but survived.
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