In 1448 CE Margaret founded Queens’ College in Cambridge. In 1436 CE Henry made Sir John Talbot the Constable of France but it was also the year that Paris was lost.

The infant Prince Henry succeeded him but was not officially crowned king until 1429. Henry returned to England in February 1432 CE, and he would never set foot in France again. The reign of Henry’s father was short but brilliant. Mark is a history writer based in Italy.

The young Henry was tall, well-educated, fluent in English and French, and he liked hunting, but there were serious flaws in his character. The Tudor monarch petitioned three popes for the canonisation of Henry VI, and some 300 accounts of miracles attributed to the king were collected. Even after Richard III had his remains transferred to a grave in St. George's Chapel in the grounds of Windsor castle, devotion to the dead king continued, although access to his grave site within a royal castle was clearly more easily supervised and controlled. However, the peace did not last long and Richard still faced a formidable obstacle to his ambitions in the form of the queen. All the big battles of the Hundred Years’ War had been won by the English but taking and then controlling French territory was another matter. The English capture Joan of Arc. Written by Mark Cartwright, published on 04 February 2020 under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. Until 1437, his realm was governed by regents. Henry, deposed for a second time, also found himself a prisoner yet again. Parliament declares York a traitor and he escapes to Ireland. After the death of Dorothy Banks Warner contact became more difficult, although I was still able to communicate with Miss Joan D. Lee on a fairly regular basis. The Duke and the Earl of Somerset were soon at odds as each tried to get themselves nominated as Henry’s heir, and this was the start of what became known as the Wars of the Roses (1455-1487 CE). Henry VI was born to be king. I became a member in 1961; the first and as far as I know, the only member at that time in Australia. Queen Margaret hated Richard so intensely she even led an army against the duke, defeating him at his headquarters in Ludlow at the Battle of Ludford Bridge on 12 October 1459 CE.

In 1420 the French king Charles VI sued for peace. The Earl of Somerset was also a descendant of Edward III but through that king’s son John of Gaunt, father of Henry IV of England (r. 1399-1413 CE), first ruler of the House of Lancaster. The Duke of Gloucester made himself king, Richard III (r. 1483-1485 CE), and won a place in history as one of the most despised of all English monarchs. The Duke of York was the great-grandson of Edward III and the nephew of the Earl of March who himself had claimed he was the legitimate heir to Richard II of England (r. 1377-1399 CE).

War is renewed and the Lancastrians are defeated at Blore Heath; the Yorkists are then defeated at Ludford Bridge near Ludlow. Henry V died, probably of dysentery on 31 August 1422 CE at Bois de Vincennes in France. In the meantime, the infant had two regents, appointed by Henry V before his death: Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester (l. 1390-1447 CE) for England and John, Duke of Bedford (l. 1389-1435 CE) for the territories in France, where, at least according to the Treaty of Troyes, he was also now the king.

The cause for King Henry VI's canonisation lapsed, having no longer royal support behind it. However, the wars really only involved the nobility and their retainers and not the wider populace with many of the battles being better described as skirmishes. Advanced features of this website require that you enable JavaScript in your browser.

There was to be another twist in the Roses War yet.

Earl of Warwick takes London for the Yorkists. The message was that Henry was neglecting the necessities of everyday government even if the rebellion fizzled out after causing much destruction in London.

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