Claude Rains starred as the presiding judge with Maximillian Schell as the defense attorney, Melvyn Douglas as the prosecutor, and Paul Lukas as the former German Minister of Justice. Rolfe interrupts and objects but Janning continues. Judgment at Nuremberg was an American television play broadcast live on April 16, 1959, as part of the CBS television series, Playhouse 90. In this fictionalized case, based on the real life Katzenberger Trial, an elderly Jewish man had been tried for having a "relationship" (sexual acts) with an Aryan (German) 16-year-old girl, an act that had been legally defined as a crime under the Nuremberg Laws, which had been enacted by the German Reichstag. The trial begins with Judge Haywood presiding.
Acting roles are presented in the order in which they appeared in the production's closing credits. The General believes the trials are working contrary to America's interests. Judgment at Nuremberg is a 1961 American courtroom drama film directed by Stanley Kramer, written by Abby Mann and starring Spencer Tracy, Burt Lancaster, Richard Widmark, Maximilian Schell, Werner Klemperer, Marlene Dietrich, Judy Garland, William Shatner, and Montgomery Clift. [5] Set in Nuremberg, Germany in 1948, the film depicts a fictionalized version of the Judges' Trial of 1947, one of the 12 U.S. military tribunals during the Subsequent Nuremberg trials. Hitler's intentions were not secret; they were heard in every part of the world. Judgment at Nuremberg was released in American theatres on December 19, 1961. The American prosecutor, General Parker, presents his opening argument. In 2013, Judgment at Nuremberg was selected for preservation in the United States National Film Registry by the Library of Congress as being "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant".[7]. Telford Taylor was credited as technical consultant. Luckily, they all work hard to stay inside their roles.
The film deals with non-combatant war crimes against a civilian population, the Holocaust, and examines the post-World War II geopolitical complexity of the actual Nuremberg Trials. In 1985, a Soviet stage adaptation of the film under the title Judgment was produced for Baltic House Festival Theatre with Gennady Egorov as director. Hill and the cast refused, and Claude Rains proceeded to refer to the extermination of millions of people in "gas ovens." A recess is granted, and Rolfe begs Janning, for the sake of Germany's future, not to make his statement. In scenes interspersed with actual footage of Nuremberg under the Nazis, Byers takes Haywood on a tour of Nuremberg's bomb-damaged ruins and of Zeppelin Field. He admits that the Feldenstin case was not a trial but a sacrificial ritual and that he reached his verdict before he even entered the courtroom. Parker introduces orders issued by the defendants by which hundreds were arrested and placed in concentration camps.
Now this is an example of sponsor interference which is so beyond logic, and which is so beyond taste, this I rebel against. In doing so, he befriends the widow (Marlene Dietrich) of a German general who had been executed by the Allies. Janning testifies. Production credits are taken from the on-screen credits at the close of the production's kinescope.
[23][24], The Australian Blu-ray was released as part of The Hollywood Gold Series.[25].
Serling noted: "It mattered little to these guys that the gas involved in concentration camps was cyanide which bore no resemblance, physical or otherwise, to the gas used in stoves. Originally written as a 1957 television play, later made into an Academy Award winning 1961 film, and available now for the first time in print (using the text of Mann's recent Broadway adaptation), Judgment at Nuremberg is as potent and relevant as ever.
Other characters the judge meets are US Army Captain Byers (William Shatner), who is assigned to assist the American judges hearing the case, and Irene Hoffmann (Judy Garland), who is afraid to provide testimony that may bolster the prosecution's case against the judges.
Maria Wallner, the Aryan woman with whom Feldenstein was accused of sexual relations, testifies and denies having sexual relations with Feldenstein. Mrs. Lindnow testifies for the defense. An earlier version of the story was broadcast as a television episode of Playhouse 90. Haywood is particularly interested in trying to learn how the defendant Ernst Janning (Burt Lancaster) could have committed the atrocities of which he is accused, including the sentencing of innocent people to death. In a 1970 poll of television editors, it was named "the greatest television series of all time. Telford Taylor, former brigadier general and chief counsel for the prosecution at the Nuremberg trials, hosted the broadcast. [9] In the course of the movie, it becomes apparent why the three other defendants supported the Nazi regime: one was afraid, one was following orders, and one actually believed in Nazism. Dick Joy was the announcer. The Senator tells Judge Haywood that America needs the German people as its friends. © 2001 - 2020, The Broadway League, All Rights Reserved. Rolfe makes his closing argument. The plot development and thematic treatment question the legitimacy of the social, political, and alleged legal foundations of these actions. The play closes with an exchange between Haywood and Byers. He also found that Telford Taylor's involvement helped give the telecast "an atmosphere of authenticity. Lancaster only speaks three lines (none in the courtroom) until his lengthy outburst roughly 135 minutes into the film. All four defendants are found guilty and sentenced to life in prison. "[7], Writer Rod Serling in a 1959 interview cited the incident as one of the more indefensible examples of sponsor censorship. [6] Schell and Klemperer played the same roles in both productions.
Rolfe argues that Germany was not alone in enacting sterilization laws, reading from Oliver Wendell Holmes's decision in Buck v. Bell (1927), upholding a compulsory sterilization law for the mentally deficient.
He criticizes his lawyer for defending the actions of his time.
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