henry iv of france

Henry IV was the first of the Bourbon dynasty. Having united the kingdom and attained peace at home and abroad, Henry IV proceeded to bring prosperity back to France. Jeanne d’Albret took Henry to the new leader of the Protestant forces, Gaspard de Coligny, who gave the young prince his military education. Corrections? Henry was born in Pau in the Kingdom of Navarre, which is in modern-day France. Henry IV of France was born in 1553 and died in 1610. In February 1576, however, he at last succeeded in escaping from the French court, whereupon he recanted and joined the combined forces of Protestants and Catholic rebels against Henry III. The religious crisis between Roman Catholic and Protestant (Huguenot) forces was then coming to a head, leading to a long period of civil war. Henry distinguished himself at the Battle of Arnay-le-Duc on June 26, 1570, when he led the first charge of the Huguenot cavalry. He was succeeded by Queen Elizabeth II in 1952. Henry IV (French: Henri IV) (13 December 1553 – 14 May 1610), ruled as King of France from 1589 to 1610 and, as Henry III, King of Navarre from 1572 to 1610. Ordered by his brother-in-law Charles IX to abjure his Protestant faith, Henry yielded. Henry IV of France King of France. Henry of Navarre acted boldly, defeating the army of Henry III in the crucial Battle of Coutras on Oct 20, 1587. Despite converting to Catholicism after becoming king of France in 1589, Henry IV issued the Edict of Nantes to foster religious tolerance. Once free, he displayed his sharp intellect and political acumen in his role as protector of the Protestant churches. Henry IV, king of both France and the small country of Navarre, is most significant for his measures of religious toleration in France, the first in that country. He also became notorious for his sexual exploits, taking on many lovers and earning the nickname "Le Vert Gallant" (The Gay Old Spark). Although Henry was baptized a Catholic, he was raised a Protestant following the death of his father in 1562. Baptised Catholic, he converted to Protestantism along with his mother Jeanne d'Albret, Queen of Navarre. War of the Three Henrys. Scrofula was seldom fatal and given to spontaneous cure or remission, but in old times belief in its power was strong and King Henry IV of France is reported to have touched and healed as many as 1,500 individuals at one time. Henry IV, also known as Henry of Bolingbroke was the son of John of Gaunt who was the fourth son of Edward III and the third son to survive to adulthood. He was opposed by the Holy League, made up of Catholic aristocrats, and Pope Clement VIII, who excommunicated the French heir from the church. The area shaded green represents France of today. The marriage was publicly styled the “scarlet nuptials” because of the bloodshed. She was also a staunch advocate for women's rights. Many persons, including Catherine de Médicis, hoped the civil war had come to an end. Henry IV Of France. Read 4 reviews from the world's largest community for readers. His conversion to Roman Catholicism was obviously of dubious sincerity, and he was therefore held for three-and-a-half years at the courts of Charles IX and then Henry III. Upon the death of François, Duke of Anjou, in 1584, Henry became heir to the throne of France. Henry fought on the side of the Huguenots during the Wars of Religion and became the King of Navarre after his mother’s death. Henry’s mother, Jeanne d’Albret, held firm and announced her Calvinism in 1560. The reign of Henry IV had a lasting impact on the French people for generations afterward. Henry, through his father, was in the sole legitimate line of descent from the Capetian kings of France. Henry IV granted religious freedom to Protestants by issuing the Edict of Nantes during his reign as king of France, from 1589 to 1610. Upon the death of François, Duke of Anjou, in 1584, Henry … Louis XVI was the last king of France (1774–92) in the line of Bourbon monarchs preceding the French Revolution of 1789. He abdicated the throne in order to marry his lover, Wallis Simpson, thereafter taking the title Duke of Windsor. He was the first monarch of France from the House of … Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz was a 17th century nun, self-taught scholar and acclaimed writer of the Latin American colonial period and the Hispanic Baroque. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. He ended the Wars of Religion in 1598 when he signed the He was part of the Capetian dynasty and the first king of the Bourbon family in France. The tension erupted into the full-scale killings of the St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre on August 24, 1572, and Henry escaped death with the help of his wife and his promise to convert to Catholicism. © 2021 Biography and the Biography logo are registered trademarks of A&E Television Networks, LLC. (Image credit: Thomas Gun Wikimedia Commons ) In 1610, an assassin took Henry IV’s life as well. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Henry of Navarre was born in Pau, France, on December 13, 1553. Henry IV of France was the first Bourbon king of France. Henry became King Henry IV, but it would take a nine-year siege of Paris to secure his crown from the influence of the Holy League and Spanish interference. Life. George VI served as king of the United Kingdom during World War II and was an important symbolic leader. The Protestants were surprised and defeated near Jarnac on March 13, 1569, by the Duke d’Anjou, the future Henry III, and Condé was killed. https://www.biography.com/royalty/henry-iv. In the days of Henri IV, France was a subset of present day France. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Henry-IV-king-of-France, Web Gallery of Art - Biography of Henry IV, Gaston-Jean-Baptiste, duc d’Orléans, duc d’Anjou. Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Eventually, Spanish interference with French succession prompted Henry III to join forces with Henry of Navarre to take control of Paris and the French countryside. Considered a usurper by Catholics and a traitor by Protestants, his charm and genuine care for the people's needs could not mollify his enemies. Pau is the only city in Europe that can boast of having witnessed two Kings at the origin of a dynasty, which is still the case in the 21st century: Henry IV of France and Charles XIV John of Sweden, born in 1763. 30–31. He lowered taxes on French citizens, made peace with the Ottoman Empire and opened up trade routes to East Asia. We strive for accuracy and fairness. He converted to Catholicism, and after winning several key battles, Paris finally capitulated on March 22, 1594. Doran, Monarchy and Matrimony, pp. 101, 113, 120; Desmond Seward, The First Bourbon: Henry IV, King of France and Navarre (London: Gambit, 1971), pp. Henry the Navigator, a 15th century Portuguese prince, helped usher in both the Age of Discovery and the Atlantic slave trade. The Huguenots fared badly, and Henry, evaluating the situation, was able to persuade his coreligionists to give up the struggle and accept the Treaty of Bergerac on Sept. 17, 1577, despite the sacrifices it imposed on them. (17) A case in point is the subject of the present essay, the biography written by Spanish humanist Juan Pablo Martir Rizo (1593-1642): La historia tragica de la vida del duque de Biron, which tells the story of Charles de Gontaut, Duke of Biron (1562-1602), executed for treason by Henry IV of France in 1602. Powered by Create your own unique website with customizable templates. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. (December 14, 1553 OS) – 14 May 1610), ruled as King of France from 1589 to 1610 and King of Navarre from 1572 to 1610. In 1568 his mother put him into the charge of her brother-in-law Louis I de Bourbon, Prince de Condé, who was the leader of the Protestant forces. Henry de Bourbon-Navarre was the son of Antoine de Bourbon, Duke de Vendôme, and Jeanne d’Albret, queen of Navarre from 1555. In 1598 he established codified religious toleration through the Edict of Nantes. Louis XVII was recognized by royalists as the King of France from 1793, when he was 8, until his death in 1795. In 1562, the Massacre of Wassy, the event that started the French Religious … He was married to Marie Antoinette and was executed for treason by guillotine in 1793. Despite his accomplishments, Henry IV endured multiple assassination attempts. Prince Henry spent most of his early childhood in Béarn. In the autumn of 1567, he served as nominal head of a punitive expedition launched against the rebellious Roman Catholic gentry of lower Navarre, which ended in an easy victory. Henry joined in 1386 a group of opposition leaders to Richard II … Continue reading "Coronation of Henry IV" Henry IV became heir to the French throne through his marriage to Margaret of Valois but was challenged during a time of religious strife. However, the spread of civil war made him reflect on its disastrous effect on France. Prior to that, he was known as Henry III of Navarre and ruled over the state from 1572 to 1610. the son of Antoine de Bourbon, Duke of Vendôme and Queen Jeanne III of Navarre. Get Started. He was stabbed to death by a Catholic fanatic on May 14, 1610, and subsequently buried in the Basilica of Saint-Denis in Paris. Pope Clement reversed Henry's excommunication and Henry brokered the Peace of Vervins between France and Spain on May 2, 1598. Henri IV of France book. Peace was concluded in August 1570, and a very liberal edict was granted the Protestants. Omissions? Holmes was the alias of one of America's first serial killers. From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Henry IV (13 December 1553 – 14 May 1610), Henri-Quatre, was King of France from 1589 to 1610 and King of Navarre from 1572 to 1610. (1553 1610) Henry IV was the first French monarch from the Bourbon dynasty. Henry IV, also called (until 1572) Prince de Béarn, byname Henry of Navarre, or Henry of Bourbon, French Henri de Navarre, or Henry de Bourbon, (born Dec. 13, 1553, Pau, Béarn, Navarre [France]—died May 14, 1610, Paris, France), king of Navarre (as Henry III, 1572–89) and first Bourbon king of France (1589–1610), who, at the end of the Wars of Religion, abjured Protestantism and converted to Roman … About the same time, he began his military education. Henry IV (French: Henri IV; 13 December 1553 – 14 May 1610), also known by the epithet Good King Henry or Henry the Great, was King of Navarre (as Henry III) from 1572 and King of France from 1589 to 1610. At a crucial age in his intellectual development, he was brought up in the strict principles of Protestantism. The situation brought about the War of the Three Henrys, pitting Henry against King Henry III of France and the staunchly Catholic Henry, Duke of Guise. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. His Father Solved It. Henry IV of France, who ruled from 1589 till his death in 1610, was the first Bourbon monarch to sit on the throne of France. HENRI IV FRANCE - MAP . a program to restore the kingdom's well-being and the monarchy's authority. Henry IV is considered one of the greatest kings of France and was instrumental in ending the French Wars Of Religion.A Calvinist, he converted to Catholicism to satisfy the wishes of 90% or more of the population of France. His parents were Jeanne III of Navarre and her husband, Antoine de Bourbon, duc de Vendôme. A marriage was briefly mooted a couple of times before 1572 but never seriously considered. His parents, who became king and queen of Navarre shortly after Henry was born, were of different faiths and exemplified the strife in France between the Huguenots (Protestants) and Catholics. At age 14, Prince Henry began his military service in an expedition against rebellious Roman Catholics in Navarre, which ended in a victory for the Huguenots. Following the death of his mother in June 1572, Henry became king of Navarre. He was the first monarch of the Bourbon branch of the Capetian dynasty in France. In his ten short years on the throne of France Henry IV achieved a great deal in the way of public works and town planning. Edward VIII became king of the United Kingdom following the death of his father, George V, but ruled for less than a year. Henry IV of France, also Henry III of Navarre (14 December 1553 (birth time source: Martin Harvey in Nativitas I quotes Latin records, "recorded as 1:00 to 2:00 AM." An arranged marriage to Margaret of Valois, daughter of Henry II and Catherine de' Medici, brought Parisian Catholics and visiting Huguenots together in an uneasy standoff. French windows were seen as a novelty at first, opening right down to the floor and onto wrought iron balconies. "use strict";(function(){var insertion=document.getElementById("citation-access-date");var date=new Date().toLocaleDateString(undefined,{month:"long",day:"numeric",year:"numeric"});insertion.parentElement.replaceChild(document.createTextNode(date),insertion)})(); Subscribe to the Biography newsletter to receive stories about the people who shaped our world and the stories that shaped their lives. The head was passed among private collectors until it was tracked down in 2010 when a team of forensic medical examiners confirmed that it belonged to the former French king. Though he was not a great strategist, his courage and gallantry made him a great military leader. However, that conclusion was cast into doubt a few years later, when DNA tests revealed the head had no royal genetic match. It was scarcely to be expected, however, that he would one day succeed to the throne of France, since Catherine de Médicis had already borne three sons to the reigning king, Henry II, and would soon bear him a fourth. Home Slogan Quote Map Unique Controlled Country Bibliography Henry ruled France wile wherein fancy pants . In July 1593, Henri allowed himself to be converted to Catholicism in order to secure his throne and he was crowned as Henri IV of France at Chartres in February 1594. Careful to restrain his impatience, he hid his forceful personality from his detainers. If you see something that doesn't look right, contact us! His mother was Queen Joan III and Antoine de Bourbon the Duke of Vendome. Henry had just turned 13 when his mother brought him back to Béarn. Meanwhile, upon his mother’s death in June 1572, Prince Henry became king of Navarre and sovereign lord of Béarn. With the aid of such ministers as the Duke de Sully, he brought new prosperity to France. During the 1893 Columbian Exposition, he lured victims into his elaborate 'Murder Castle.'. Other Kingdoms eventually being bought under the banner of France. Henry IV of France. Henry IV of France was disputed King of France, the son of Marie d’Valois, Queen of France.He was the first King not of the Capetian dynasty since the tenth century, and the first King of the House of Coligny. Henry then married Desc: Henry IV, also known by the epithet Good King Henry or Henry the Great, was King of Navarre from 1572 and King of France from 1589 to 1610. His common sense—one of his outstanding traits, except in love affairs—manifested itself when civil war broke out anew at the end of 1576. The long campaign through the ravaged provinces, extending from Poitou to the heart of Burgundy, forged in him the soldierly spirit that he would retain throughout his life and made him reflect on the disaster that had befallen the kingdom. Heavenly way to coin it in; Under the Hammer Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. It granted French Protestants the same rights as citizens as members of the state religion and helped to earn Henry IV the title of "le bon roi," or "the good king." He was killed on May 14, 1610, in Paris, France. 1600-08-06 Henry IV of France invades Savoy after negotiations break down over Saluzzo, controlled by Savoy since 1588 1610-05-14 Henry IV of France is assassinated by fanatical Catholic François Ravaillac who stabs him to death in the streets of Paris Henry IV’s ascendancy to the throne of France was mired with controversy. Around that time, Henry also issued the Edict of Nantes, which confirmed Roman Catholicism as the state religion but granted religious freedom to Protestants. He was the first monarch of France from the House of Bourbon, a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty. Updates? From 1561 to 1567 he lived with his second cousins, the children of the king of France, among whom was his future wife Margaret. Formerly known as Henri of Navarre, he succeeded to the French throne with the extinction of House of Valois, at the death of Henry III of France. The facade in brick with stucco chaines and very simple dormers within the high pitched roofs. Google Scholar Henry IV was born in Pau.He was the son of Antoine de Bourbon and Jeanne of Navarre.He was baptised in a Catholic ceremony, but as he grew up, his mother led him to become a Protestant.On 18 August 1572, Henry married Margaret of Valois.She was the sister of Charles IX.He became the King of Navarre in the same year.. Raised a Protestant, he converted to Catholicism in 1593 and was crowned king of France in the following year. On August 18, 1572, he and Margaret were married in Paris, but on August 24 came the St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre, in which thousands of French Protestants were massacred by royal forces. The first of the Bourbon kings of France, Henry IV brought unity and prosperity to the country after the ruinous 16th-century Wars of Religion. In order to strengthen the peace, a marriage was arranged between Prince Henry and Margaret of Valois of the French royal house. Antoine de Bourbon temporarily allied himself with the Protestants but changed sides and was mortally wounded in battle against them. Henry IV (13 December 1553 – 14 May 1610), Henri-Quatre, was King of Navarre (as Henry III) from 1572 to 1610 and King of France from 1589 to 1610.He was the first monarch of the Bourbon branch of the Capetian dynasty in France. His mother was Blanche of Lancaster was a descendant of Henry III. Henry was born on December 13, 1553 in Pau, a city on the northern edge of the Pyrenees, in the southwest of France. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Henry III was stabbed on August 1, 1589, and died the next day after declaring Henry of Navarre his successor. Originally Navarre was a Kingdom which straddled the Pyrenees. Henry distinguished himself and the experience forged a soldierly spirit within him. Henry IV ruled France from 1589 to 1610. While in the service of Spain, the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan led the first European voyage of discovery to circumnavigate the globe. In 1599 the childless marriage between Henri and Margaret of Valois was annulled. Henry IV, also called (until 1572) Prince de Béarn, byname Henry of Navarre, or Henry of Bourbon, French Henri de Navarre, or Henry de Bourbon, (born Dec. 13, 1553, Pau, Béarn, Navarre [France]—died May 14, 1610, Paris, France), king of Navarre (as Henry III, 1572–89) and first Bourbon king of France (1589–1610), who, at the end of the Wars of Religion, abjured Protestantism and converted to Roman Catholicism (1593) in order to win Paris and reunify France. He led the country through the Henrican War, which included the War of Succession for the French throne, in which his Capetian relatives (mostly Louis) struggled to claim the throne. French philosopher Charles-Louis de Secondat, Baron de la Brède et de Montesquieu, was a highly influential political thinker during the Age of Enlightenment. In a macabre postscript, the head of Henry IV's embalmed body was reportedly lost after revolutionaries ransacked the Basilica in 1793. 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