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cordgrass, (genus Spartina), also called marsh grass, or salt grass, genus of 16 species of perennial grasses in the family Poaceae.Cordgrasses are found on marshes and tidal mud flats of North America, Europe, and Africa and often form dense colonies.Some species are planted as soil binders to prevent erosion, and a few are considered invasive species in areas outside their native range. This non-venomous snake, also found on many of the grass-lined coastal barrier islands, is not considered aggressive, though it will definitely bite without hesitation if handled. filling, development, and road construction. The grass is readily identifiable as it often "cowlicks" in dense mats. (Emerson and Jacobson, 1976; Rehder, 1981)Biogeographic Regions; nearctic; atlantic ocean; Habitat. Cordgrass in the salt marsh is the _____ level or box of the ecological pyramid. In this book, a young girl shows her visiting cousin a Georgia coastal salt marsh. Our salt marshes provide nursery grounds and foraging habitat for hundreds of species of fish, shellfish, birds, and mammals. Mammals come too, drawn by the abundant seeds and leaves of the marsh plants or by the other animals. Pygmy mice, rats and nutria come for the plant matter while coyotes and raccoons come to eat other mammals , fish and invertebrates . Found inside – Page 79TREATMENT OF SALT MARSHES . 79 wet , when it is partially cured , materially injures the black grass . We may judge of the properties of goose grass from the fact that in several instances within my own knowledge cattle have died of ... Save The Bay, 1998. 11) Which level of the energy pyramid to the right would contain a species of bird that eats seeds of a plant found in the salt marsh? Basically the snails are farming the salt grass, the Spartina grass. Northern harriers, California clapper rails, and egrets like to eat me. Seeing the film will cement how important Spartina grass is to the salt marsh environment. cordgrass. It grows on the margins of lakes and various types of wetlands. 0000005727 00000 n Found insideMany ocean animals would not be able to survive without the marsh grass food for them or the animals they eat. Salt marshes are also safe nursery grounds for many young sea animals. The plants and grass provide food and a place to hide ... Ask more about Salt Marsh Farm's Beef, and suport your local farm today! These grasses provide rich habitat for juvenile and adult crustaceans, Salt hay grass was harvested for bedding and fodder for Specialized cells are able to exclude salt from entering the roots, The salt water flowing in and out fosters a staggering amount of diversity, providing food, refuge or nursery habitat for more than 75% of fisheries species, including shrimp, blue crab and finfish. Insects are also abundant in the salt marsh. Keeping this in consideration, what animals eat salt marsh grass? Found inside – Page 21In the fall, winter, and spring, they eat the seeds of marsh grasses and sedges. Grasshoppers and song sparrows eat green plants and seeds, but most other salt marsh animals here depend on a different food source. What is it? Click to see full answer. fruits and flowers on only one side of the stalk. GENERAL BOTANICAL CHARACTERISTICS : Smooth cordgrass is a large, coarse, warm-season grass, which is physiologically adapted to the salt marsh habitat [26,27].Plants growing under good conditions reach 8 feet (2.5 m) tall, while those growing in the high salt marshes, especially at edges of salt pans, may be only 16 inches (40 cm) tall, including the inflorescence []. Feral Hogs Are Causing Irreversible Harm to Salt Marshes The 30 to 50 feral hogs tweet has never been more prescient. Through a series of cage experiments, Silliman demonstrated that the snails . Goats in a fenced test plot eating invasive Phragmites australis marsh grass. 0000008270 00000 n preventing the loss of fresh water. It is the "foundation species" of a salt marsh, creating the habitat and offering shelter (in the Florida Gulf) to periwinkle snails, blue crabs, fiddler crabs, crown conch, and young mullet, among others. Consequently, what animals eat salt marsh grass? creating the appearance of a field of tufts and cowlicks. Mammals come too, drawn by the abundant seeds and leaves of the marsh plants or by the other animals. In addition, this animal is capable of digesting saline water as a result of adaptation to its . Silliman earned his Ph.D. at Brown and worked in the Bertness lab along with Johan van de Koppel, a former postdoctoral research associate now at the Netherlands Institute of Ecology. Salt Marshes suit many species. It has a tight root system that holds it in place very well and efficiently traps sediment, reducing . Found inside – Page 30The salt - water birds feed on the seeds of salt grasses and occasionally eat wild rice ; the fresh - water birds eat other ... salt - water marshes of the Atlantic coast of the United States and the adjacent Canadian provinces . M-F 10:00am - 5:00pm. By. Clams, mussels & worms Subsequently, question is, what types of fish live in salt marshes? than other marsh grasses. These cow licks occur in the high marsh areas of the Great Marsh, an area dominated by Spartina patens, also known as salt hay. Littorina irrorata is found in brackish water marshes and can be . HOURS. 0000001264 00000 n Producers. Plant grows 1-4 ft. Big cordgrass ( Spartina cynosuroides) Grows up to 10 ft. and blooms from July to September with 20-50 flower spikes. The marsh grass types contribute to nutrient-rich sediment being deposited by restricting the flow of water in ponds, lakes and rivers. Because its stems are weak, the wind and water action can bend the grass, Salt marsh aster ( Symphyotrichum tenuifolium) Has alternate, flexuous linear leaves and pale purple, blue or white daisy-like flowers that bloom from July to September. Spartina grass in the salt marsh. The species of grass that grows within the tidal zone (submerged at high tide, exposed at low tide) is called smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora). Salt hay grass and smooth cordgrass are often out-competed for space by The animals in the ecosystem would eat other types of food because of a . Steaks, chicken and seafood, chargrilled to perfection. Salt marshes Sea grass beds Mangroves. Setaria grisebachii is valuable to quail and other ground-feeding birds: Animals that eat its seeds: Pintail duck, Blue-winged teal duck, Green-winged teal duck, King rail, Yellow rail, Pectoral sandpiper, Wilson snipe, Ground dove, Mourning dove, Eastern white . Found inside – Page 330SALTMARSH SHARP-TAILED SPARROW Anusodrmmis crirrrlrrcirtus Common in short grass salt marshes along the East Coast north to Maine. When flushed, flies weakly for a short dis— tance then drops back into the grass. Rich orange-buff face, ... Salt marsh grasshoppers have two long antennae and are bright green all over their body and legs. Grass shrimp are the most common species of shrimp inhabiting New England's shallow coastal waters from Cape Cod south. Complete with breads, soups and desserts, made from scratch daily. Found inside – Page 111Snails do it constantly, but careful observations of fiddler crabs will show that they, too, eat algae, ... Together, salt marshes, intertidal sand flats, sea grass beds, and Sandy unvegetated seafloor occupy nearly all of the edge and ... Found inside – Page 248Food : Primarily feeds on grasshoppers , small mammals , small birds , crickets , beetles , spiders . ... amphibian willow , wax - myrtle , silver - leaved magnolia , swamp - bay , sawgrass , great salt marsh - grass . Salt marsh mud soaks up chemicals in the water and the marsh grass catches litter. Found inside – Page 151Consider the situation with some of the Southern salt marshes. These marshes stretch from Chesapeake Bay to the central Florida coasts, and are some of the most productive grasslands ... periwinkle snail, which can eat a lot of grass. Found inside – Page 3Salt marsh vegetation of the brackish water areas includes salt marsh cordgrass ( Spartina alterniflora ) , salt - me a dow ... Eat - outs " also occur in salt marsh cordgrass when intensive feeding by greater snow geese results in the ... Found inside – Page 324These crabs have been implicated in the die-off of lower marsh grasses in sections of many Atlantic Coast salt marshes. In marsh die-off syndrome, the crabs eat away large patches of Saltwater Cordgrass, leaving bare, muddy creek banks. cover, salt hay grass was used to top the hay stacks in the fields. <]>> Five common abiotic factors are atmosphere, chemical elements, sunlight/, Saline (salt) marsh: Marshes having a salinity greater than, To deal with the ever-fluctuating conditions many, Thrive in farm ponds and within marsh plants along the edges of larger ponds and lakes. Found inside – Page 22Salt Marshes Saltwater organisms that ride in on the tides find food and hiding places here . Insects , spiders , snails , crabs , and birds such as sparrows and wrens graze on the grasses or eat the algae and microscopic organisms in ... These creatures eat not only grass or plants like phytoplankton but also other small animals. Fiddler crabs, hermit crabs and stone crabs join snails, mussels and worms in finding food and shelter in the salt marsh. Salt marshes serve as pollution filters and as buffers against flooding It looks like a more typical grass, with narrow leaves about 1 foot in length. "The mussels provide nutrients for the grasses. Insects, commonly called "bugs," are invertebrates with external skeleton (exoskeleton) made of chitin, three body segments (head, thorax, and abdomen), six legs, one pair of antennae, and compound eyes.Though there are probably 6 to 10 million species on earth, only 1 million have been identified. Producers in a salt marsh include the marsh grasses, Spartina and Juncus mostly, plus various other salt tolerant plants as well as lots of algae. r Snowy Egret I am a snowy egret. Smooth cordgrass is one of the most common forms of marsh vegetation found in Rhode Island salt marshes and is a vital plant species in the estuary. %%EOF Salt Marshes suit many species. Found inside – Page 130So it pays to keep an eye on the weather when fishing the salt marshes and lagoons of Texas . ... Because of the toughness of salt marsh grasses , few animals graze directly on them . Instead , the salt marsh food web is fueled by ... Alternate common name: Saltmeadow Hay, Marsh from June to October and turn brown in the winter months. and they harbor lots of crabs that eat the snails that eat the grass . entire estuary. Snails are an important food sources for fish and many other animals. The plants in the ecosystem would begin to die out because of a decrease in available water. These alterations restrict tidal Littorina irrorata is found in brackish water marshes and can be . By 2060, the state could lose 34% of its existing salt wetlands, the analysis found. Marsh periwinkle snails do not survive long underwater. From New Jersey south, salt . SALT MARSH PLANTS North and Central Florida CORD GRASSES - SPARTINA SPP. x�bb�g`b``Ń3�E0 )�� Marsh Grasses and Plants. 0000005649 00000 n Amphipod The Benthic Community of animals is concealed under the intertidal flat, which is exposed at low tide. Found inside – Page 115Plants of Temperate South American Salt Marshes (Continued) Mexican anteater Crab-eating raccoon Mantled howler monkey ... Canis latrans Plants of European Salt Marshes Primary producers Salt marsh grass Red fescue Creeping bentgrass ... 0000002373 00000 n are an important food source for ducks and sparrows. The Salt marsh harvest mice are primary herbivores, they generally feed upon pickle weed and other salt marsh plants, supplementing this diet with occasional seeds and insects. • Closure-discuss post Salt Marsh Illustrations and how our thinking of Salt Marshes has changed. Cattail, also known as bulrush, reed mace or corndog grass, is a type of monocotyledonous plant that belongs to the family Typhaceae. Saltmarsh Cordgrass is the tall grass of the estuaries, growing at the edges of swift channels and wide bays. Appearance: Hay-like grass found in the upper areas of the marsh. Without the plants to bind sediment and protect wildlife, the salt marsh ecosystem collapses, the scientists found. Found inside – Page 122Little streamlets drain down from the wood into pockets of salt marsh between flat rocks. With a sudden alarm, ... A second later he realises they are cows, with long curving horns, peacefully cropping the short marsh grass. Marsh Grasses and Plants. The cordgrass provides shelter for the crabs. Fish of all sizes, from mummichogs to striped bass, hunt in creeks and ponds. It looks like a more typical grass, with narrow leaves about 1 foot in length. fiddler crabs, and other salt marsh animals eat spartina. Our salt marshes provide nursery grounds and foraging habitat for hundreds of species of fish, shellfish, birds, and mammals. A different species called Found inside – Page 30The sub - climax , three - cornered grass , seldom , if ever , goes out during a muskrat “ eat - out ” so ... The successful , experimental work of sodding - in the sub - climax three - cornered salt marsh grass at the earliest possible ... Crawlers and Swimmers. Salt Marsh Harvest Mouse I am "salty", the salt marsh harvest mouse, an endangered species. The extensive tidal salt marshes along the coast of the U.S. state of Georgia, for instance, feature a large number of these species, including cordgrass (sometimes used as fodder for livestock), shrimp, and crab. Using well-developed sense organs, grass shrimp can easily maneuver and swim in the water, but they are found most frequently crawling along . It can tolerate changes in salinity and water depth as the tides flow in and out of the marsh. Many of the salt marshes in Rhode Island have been severely affected by Grows 1 to 2 feet high; green in spring and summer, turns light brown in late fall and winter. Is smooth cordgrass an invasive species? by Duke University. The salt marsh grasses slow down waves, which helps control floods during hurricanes and other storms. Mammals come too, drawn by the abundant seeds and leaves of the marsh plants or by the other animals. They are found on the cordgrass leaves out of harm's way on a high tide and on the mud or sand at low tide. It is a perennial grass that spreads both vegetatively through underground rhizomes, as well as through seed. It eats seeds and plants, especially pickleweed and glasswort, one of the most common salt marsh plant species. farm animals and for garden mulch. Appearance: Hay-like grass found in the upper Various cuts available. How many tons of gravel can a dump truck hold? Silliman found that removing snails from cordgrass, the dominant plant species in salt marshes, bumped up grass growth as much as 50 percent. Insects such as grasshoppers eat the grass, and spiders prey on insects eating the grass. (Emerson and Jacobson, 1976; Rehder, 1981)Biogeographic Regions; nearctic; atlantic ocean; Habitat. x�b```a``]���� � �� @16�,����� Hr\�j_�pX ��jGGGH �~ H� �XD���х���~�}�S4�N�~�h�l�l�fS�m�\a������l����>�������`�Pː�p�����p' 20��� �m��������H�0�Չ/�3Ih/�(×7 ��!� �17c Found inside – Page 251Open marsh approaches include ( 1 ) ditching to facilitate saltwater intrusion from the ocean ( rather than marsh ... for mosquito - eating fish , and ( 3 ) harvesting Phragmites and correspondingly planting native salt marsh grass . answer choices. Salt marshes were once considered examples of bottom-up regulation in which population sizes are determined by abiotic factors and nutrient availability. the salt marsh for their babies to grow. In a given area of the salt marsh, scientists measure 5000 kg of cordgrass. What happens if you damage a rental car Hertz? A salt marsh is a marsh that grows in salt water from the ocean. Found inside – Page 234And lest it go hungry, it also eats detritus. As a “detritivore” the grass shrimp benefits countless other marsh organisms. It accelerates spartina decomposition by plucking away at decaying stem and leaf fragments and breaking them ... Adapted from The Uncommon Guide to Common Life on Narragansett Bay. flow, often having a severe ecological impact on the marsh. When the tide goes out, the snails crawl back down the grass to the mud. They are commonly found in salt marshes, seaweed, and eelgrass beds along the coast. Salt marshes were once considered examples of bottom-up regulation in which population sizes are determined by abiotic factors and nutrient availability. Animal Use. Found inside – Page 25... BERTNESS While periwinkle snails eat the grasses that anchor salt marshes , in smaller numbers they do not pose a threat ( left ) . But in large numbers the snails can decimate an area of marsh in as little as 8 months ( right ) . grass requires a salty, wet habitat, restricted tidal flow often dries out Readers can get down and dirty in this guidebook that reveals the secret lives of salt marshes--homes to strange birds and unusual vegetation. There are all these benefits where grasses live with mussels." 0000004177 00000 n common reed in areas where human activity has disturbed or altered the marsh. Georgia faces . The smooth cordgrass (Spartina alterniflora) found in, Dog fish, sharks, striped bass, jellyfish, red drum, black drum, cobia, American eels and other fish also enjoy, Social factors include how the land is being used and water resources in the area. Title: Microsoft Word - FoodWebLab.doc Author: Phil Created Date: What does a Gulf salt marsh snake eat? They are also found along the Pacific coast. This is the book to awaken all of us, right now, to how our coastline is changing and what it means for our future.” —Julia Glass, author of Three Junes and A House Among the Trees “Written with a swimmer’s spirit, a naturalist’s ... The animals in the ecosystem would die because of the spread of disease. What cars have the most expensive catalytic converters? 0000000016 00000 n Habitat: High salt marsh zone. What do smooth cordgrass eat? What percentage of the energy will be provided to the mallard duck that eats the cordgrass? grass for fodder. Eats: Salt marsh plants Salt water algae. Littorina irrorata is found in salt marshes that extend from Long Island, New York, south along the coast to central Florida. Through a series of cage experiments, Silliman demonstrated that the snails . Hermit crabs aid the salt marsh cordgrass by providing additional oxygen through the holes that they dig. Spartina grass plays an important role in the estuary food web. 0000009118 00000 n . %PDF-1.4 %���� areas of the marsh. These are marsh periwinkle snails (Littorina irrorata), and they make up half of one of the more interesting predator-prey relationships in the salt marsh. • Extended . Fiddler crabs, hermit crabs and stone crabs join snails, mussels and worms in finding food and shelter in the salt marsh. 127 0 obj <> endobj Found inside – Page 161Black ducks in a salt marsh depend mainly on snails , soft - shell clams , and blue mussels for food ; the latter creatures in turn depend on organic detritis and plankton . Canada geese and muskrats eat primarily marsh vegetation ... This plant is important to marsh health due to the high volume of organic material it contributes during decomposition. Found inside – Page 3-39There are two subspecies , the northern salt marsh harvest mouse ( R. r . halicoetes ) found in the salt marshes ... The salt marsh harvest mouse eats grass , leaves , seeds , and stems of plants , including pickleweed and saltgrass . Out in the ocean, we can find sandy bottoms, artificial and natural reefs. 0000012447 00000 n Like its relative Found inside – Page 188As you might guess from the toughness of salt-marsh grasses, few animals graze directly on marsh grass. ... Many species of worms eat the detritus, either by filterfeeding like oysters and mussels or by ingesting the detritus much like ... Saltgrass is commonly found in the salt marshes and flats along the Atlantic, Pacific, and Gulf coast; however, various subspecies are distributed much further inland, and may be found in nearly every state. Here is the table that they put together summarizing the monetary benefits that we derive from intact salt marshes: Luckily for us, salt marshes keep working their magic even in the absence of accolades or appreciation. 0000050093 00000 n 0000010871 00000 n The Salt Marsh Harvest Mouse. 0000001756 00000 n Flowers are a deep purple Cattail can be found in the Northern hemisphere. The marsh is crawling with hundreds of kinds of invertebrates. What does a Gulf salt marsh snake eat? Pygmy mice, rats and nutria come for the plant matter while coyotes and raccoons come to eat other mammals, fish and invertebrates.. Grasses are the type of plant found typically in marshes. the marsh and encourages the growth of invasive plants. Pygmy mice, rats and nutria come for the plant matter while coyotes and raccoons come to eat other mammals, fish and invertebrates. 0000001945 00000 n The saltmarsh environment is an extremely harsh one which includes abiotic factors such as high (variable) salinity in soil solution; essential nutrient ions present as a low proportion of the total present in soil solution; anaerobic soil and sulphide toxicity; temperature shock on immersion; changes to photoperiod; People also ask, what eats a salt marsh harvest mouse? They are also crop disruptors, commonly feeding on fruit and vegetable crops and tobacco. The grass salt marsh hayers love to cut, bale and sell for mulch - found in the higher elevations on the marsh. 0000002346 00000 n 0000006565 00000 n This information is for the genus Setaria with note that S. lutescens and S viridis are especially important for wildlife. Smooth cordgrass (Spartina Alterniflora) is a hardy, native, halophyte tidal grass often used in shoreline restoration work and, in combination with oyster reefs, can significantly reduce wave impacts on a shoreline. Marsh periwinkles [pear -ee wink uls] are very common snails in the salt marsh. (a) all of the energy in level C, plus the energy in level B Quahogs and oysters live beneath the surface, while mussels, fiddler crabs, and snails occupy intertidal areas. This makes it hard for predators to see them. Furthermore, what are some abiotic factors in salt marshes? Credit: Jennifer Brundage, Duke . Salt Hay Grass (Spartina patens)Alternate common name: Saltmeadow Hay, Marsh Grass, Saltmeadow Cordgrass. They retain water, so there's less salt buildup, and they harbor lots of crabs that eat the snails that eat the grass. Found inside – Page 9Experimental Procedure : composition of cord grass in the Beaufort estuary . ... materials that they eat . In many inshore areas , salt marshes of cord grass form an important source of food for animal populations in adjoining waters . HAITATS: SALT MARSH & OEAN The habitats of the salt marsh and ocean are different in many ways. They retain water, so there's less salt buildup, and they harbour lots of crabs that eat the snails that eat the grass. feet high. In fact, the study shows that overgrazing by periwinkle snails will convert a . Introduces young readers to hourly changes in the salt marsh as the tide comes and goes, following the animals that have adapted to this ever-changing environment as they hunt for food or play in the sun. Found inside – Page 36Herbivores consume living plant material, grazing on large beds of seaweed or eating algal films. Most of the production of salt-marsh grasses is not eaten until the plants die, but there are some important animals ... Found inside – Page 262Baby salt marsh snakes are as variable as the adults, but their stripes and spots are DID YOU KNOW? ... inactive during the day, hiding in vegetation, in animal burrows (including those made by crabs), and under logs or marsh grass. Click to see full answer Similarly one may ask, what animals eat salt marsh grass? 0000003053 00000 n Most of these salt marsh invertebrates consume living plants, or fluids secreted by the plants. The grass is readily identifiable as it often "cowlicks" in dense mats. Grows 1 to 2 feet high; green in spring and summer, turns A B. Salt hay grass is found in high marsh zones where it is covered at times by 0000015239 00000 n Found inside – Page 9Experimental Procedure : composition of cord grass in the Beaufort estuary . ... materials that they eat . In many inshore areas , salt marshes of cord grass form an important source of food for animal populations in adjoining waters . 0000005169 00000 n endstream endobj 128 0 obj <>/Metadata 20 0 R/PieceInfo<>>>/Pages 19 0 R/PageLayout/OneColumn/OCProperties<>/OCGs[129 0 R]>>/StructTreeRoot 22 0 R/Type/Catalog/LastModified(D:20080411145217)/PageLabels 17 0 R>> endobj 129 0 obj <. Because salt hay 0000000953 00000 n Without the salt marsh providing a safe nursery, we wouldn't have seafood to eat. The marsh grass types contribute to nutrient-rich sediment being deposited by restricting the flow of water in ponds, lakes and rivers. Is a marsh grass a producer? It is very tolerant of saline and droughty conditions and favors fine to medium textured soil. A. Describes the physical environment of a salt marsh and the plants and animals that live there. Cordgrass is often the dominant species of the coastal salt marsh. Geographic Range. At the edge of the high marsh a narrow transitional zone develops between the salt marsh and the maritime shrub community which consists of wax myrtle, yaupon, groundsel tree and red cedar. Before hay was bailed and stored under Does Hermione die in Harry Potter and the cursed child? Found inside – Page 161Canada geese and muskrats eat primarily marsh vegetation , whereas herons and terns depend largely on small fish . ... I just happen to love that special combination of water , marsh peat , decaying grass , and clean salt air . Found inside – Page 9Experimental Procedure : composition of cord grass in the Beaufort estuary . ... materials that they eat . In many inshore areas , salt marshes of cord grass form an important source of food for animal populations in adjoining waters . Salt marshes are found along the Atlantic coast from Canada to central Florida. Some snails eat the saltmarsh plants and the layer of microscopic algae growing on the mud's surface. This grass is less tolerant to salt water Found inside – Page 145This is lamb that is raised on salt marsh grasses that grow in coastal regions. It is said that eating the wild grasses lends a tender and slightly sweet flavor to the flesh. This lamb is available only in late autumn and highly prized. Smooth cordgrass provides shelter for many fish and small animals. Cordgrass, (genus Spartina), also called marsh grass, or salt grass, genus of 16 species of perennial grasses in the family Poaceae. round. S. bakeri SAND CORDGRASS FACW Spartina alterniflora SMOOTH CORD GRASS tufted perennial; 1 meter tall Spartina spartinae GULF CORD GRAS Spartina patens MARSH-HAY CORD GRASS Rhizomatous perennial to 1 m tall; leaves rolled Spartina cynosuroides BIG CORD GRASS Florida's . Found inside – Page 15Case Study: Salt marshes Coastal marshes that are covered by most high tides are known as salt marshes. Only a few plants (mainly grasses) are adapted to live in such salty places that are so frequently flooded. 0000004638 00000 n The high marsh also contains a mixture of several somewhat salt tolerant species including black needlerush and salt meadow cordgrass. Its many predators feature hawk, snake and owl species, as well as shorebirds and larger mammals. trailer Found inside – Page 70In the salt marsh, look for saltwater cordgrass, salt hay, spike grass, marsh lavender, marsh elder, salt-marsh ... The return of these magnificent fish-eating hawks from the brink of extinction induced by DDT is an environmental ...
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