cause of gujarat earthquake 2001

As per the reports of the survivors, two different distinctive pulses were felt which may be due to the separate arrivals of the P wave and S wave. After a general introduction to the earthquake and its effects, a description is given of the damage suffered by princely palaces and religious buildings in Bhuj, JamNagar, Wankaner, Morbi, Maliya, Halvad, Dranghedra and Ahmadabad. Ahemdabad which is about 300km from the epicentre also suffered considerable destructions. 9. Gujarat is located at a distance of 300-400 km from the boundary of the Indian plate and Eurasian plate. Latest events An earthquake of moderate intensity measuring 4.6 on the Richter … On 25 January 2001, a major earthquake occurred in Gujarat, a prosperous industrial and agricultural state on India's west coast, close to the border with Pakistan. The earthquake caused a heavy toll of about 20,000 dead, more than 60,000 injured, 200,000 people homeless, and loss of more than Rs. 7. The seismic moment of the event is estimated to be about 6.2*10^28 dyne-cm. Several hundred people were also killed in Ahemdabad. The earthquake struck near the town of Bhuj on the morning of India’s annual Republic Day (celebrating the creation of the Republic of India in 1950), and it was felt throughout much of northwestern India and parts of Pakistan. This area faced a roughly west-east rifting trend during the break-up of Gondwana in the Jurassic. The cause of the devastating quake that flattened parts of Gujarat as expressed by the scientists was due to growing “intra plate” stress on the earth’s surface. The 2001 Gujarat earthquake, also known as the Bhuj earthquake, occurred on 26 January, India's 52nd Republic Day, at 08:46 am IST. Figure 1. Corrections? natural disasters. Relief operations began 72 hours after the earthquake both from within and outside the country. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/event/Bhuj-earthquake-of-2001, NASA - Earth Observatory - Liquefaction Effects from the Bhuj Earthquake. These pushed together and caused the earthquake. January 26, 2001 – Buhl’s severe earthquake Measuring 6.9 – 7.9 on the Richter scale. The epicenter of the 2001 Bhuj Earthquake in the state of Gujarat. About 1,67,000 people were injured. Tectonic systems The earthquake was caused at the convergent plate boundary between the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate boundary. This paper describes the findings of a tour of heritage buildings in the Indian state of Gujarat which were affected by the Bhuj earthquake of 26th January 2001. Only the emergency control room of the capital state of Gandhinagar became operational by 9:30 a.m. Humans are the superior social animals instilled with emotions, feelings and most importantly wisdom. Gujarat is located approximately 300 to 400 kilometers between the Indo-Australian and Eurasian plate. The 2001 Gujarat earthquake was caused by movement on a previously unknown south-dipping fault, trending parallel to the inferred rift structures. The earthquake occurred in north-western India. The credit of this drastic change solely goes to humans and their broad horizon of knowledge. According to geologists, the earthquake occurred at the convergent boundary between the two tectonic plates making Gujarat the epicentre of the earthquake. Around 8.45 in the morning on India’s 52nd Republic Day — January 26, 2001, a powerful earthquake measuring 7.7 on the Richter scale struck Gujarat. It was the most powerful earthquake to strike India in half a century. On 26 th January 2001, while the entire nation of India was all set to celebrate the 52 nd Republic Day, a massive earthquake struck Gujarat. Many people were still living in makeshift shelters a year later. The worst disaster to strike India since it achieved independence in 1947 was an M7.6 earthquake that struck the state of Gujarat at 8:46 a.m. on January 26, 2001, the country’s 52nd Republic Day. The Gujarat Earthquake took away thousands of lives as well as left thousands of people homeless. Friday 26th January 2001 at 08:46 local time. India has been affected by several mega-earthquakes, both within its borders and in the surrounding environs. Hence, the Gujarat earthquake,2001 occurred due to the movement on the previously unknown south-dipping fault tending parallel to the deduced rift formations. DAMAGE CAUSED BY EARTHQUAKE The 26 January 2001 earthquake in Gujarat was the most devastating seismic event to affect the state since the last magnitude 7.7 event in 1819. (Indoor & Outdoor), Rainwater Leakage in Buildings | 7 Causes & Effects, Insulating Materials | Types & Requirements of Insulating Materials, What is Boundary Wall ? The 2001 Gujarat Earthquake took place on the 26th January when the Republic Day celebration was going on. On top of that, over 700,000 houses were partially destroyed. Natural disasters are unpredictable events of nature mostly resulting in catastrophic damage. According to geologists, the earthquake occurred at the convergent boundary between the two tectonic plates making Gujarat the epicentre of the earthquake. Omissions? The devastation was major in terms of lives lost, injuries suffered, people rendered homeless, as well as economics. Pakistan, Nepal, and Bangladesh were also impacted. The Gujarat earthquake resulted in the production of widespread liquefaction in the Rann area, Gulfs of Kutch and Kandla river. The epicentre was at Bhuj which is the District Headquarter of Kutch district in the state of Gujarat. Earthquake. Kutch region in Gujarat was hit by a 7.7 magnitude earthquake. It was felt over an enormous area, from Chennai to Kolkata in the east, as far north as Kathmandu and as far west as Balochistan. The cause of the earthquake is the collision between the Indian plate and the Eurasian Plate. The quake was the most powerful to strike this region of India in the last fifty years. Its focus was just over 15 kilometers below the Earth’s surface and its epicentre was around 20 km north-east of Bhuj in Gujarat, India measuring 7.7 Mw. The earthquake struck near the town of Bhuj on the morning of India’s annual Republic Day (celebrating the creation of the Republic of India in 1950), and it was felt throughout much of northwestern India and parts of Pakistan. On 26th of January 2001, India was gearing up to celebrate the country’s 51st Republic Day, when an event that lasted a little longer than 2 minutes, devastated the country. The devastating earthquake that struck the Kutch area of Gujarat, India on January 26, 2001, India’s Republic Day, was the most severe natural disaster to afflict India since her independence in 1947. These pushed together and caused the earthquake. The epicentre of the Gujarat earthquake was a small town called Bhuj. Updates? Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. The earthquake caused massive loss of life and The epicentre of the Gujarat earthquake was a small town called Bhuj. The death toll is expected to rise quickly as rescue teams flood into the worst-affected towns - Bhuj, in the state of Gujarat, and the nearby city of Ahmedabad. The earthquake was caused by movement on a thrust fault, resulting from the tectonic pushing of India into Asia. With the advancement of technology, it seems that there is nothing humans cannot achieve. The area has also undergone shortening during the collision with Eurasian plate thereby reactivating the existing rift faults and leading to the development of new low-angle thrust faults. The consequences were devastating. The world has witnessed many devastating quakes that caused significant destruction and losses and one such earthquake is the Gujarat Earthquake,2001. With that in mind, the geographic location of Gujarat is very important to mention when examining the cause of the 2001 earthquake. The four major areas of this district namely Bhuj, Anjar, Bachau and Rapar were almost destroyed. In addition to killing more than 20,000 people and injuring more than 150,000 others, the quake left hundreds of thousands homeless and destroyed or damaged more than a million buildings. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). The earthquake was indeed very powerful and recorded 6.9 on the Richter scale (Mw 7.6). Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Colliding and scraping of these large plates causes earthquakes. It lasted over two minutes and what happened next was unimaginable and catastrophic. Even today the continuous continental collision of the plate boundary between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian plate governs the plate tectonics of the region. Stress from the Indian plate pushing north into the Eurasian plate is also a big cause for earthquake in Gujarat. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) places the epicenter of the earthquake 43 miles northeast of Bhuj in Gujarat State. Bhuj, which was situated only 20 km away from the epicenter, was devastated. The Indian Air Force was employed for distribution of relief materials such as blankets, packed foods, tents, and medicine. The epicentre was about 9 km south-southwest of the village of Chobari in Bhachau Taluka of Kutch District of Gujarat, India. The moment magnitude of the quake was 7.7 (6.9 on the Richter scale). The epicentre was close to the small desert town of Bhuj in the north-western state of Gujarat. Bhuj earthquake of 2001, massive earthquake that occurred on Jan. 26, 2001, in the Indian state of Gujarat, on the Pakistani border. More than 3000 health facilities were destroyed, including a 281 bed district hospital, a 16 … The world has greatly evolved from the primitive stone age to the modern world. The 2001 Gujarat earthquake occurred on January 26, 2001 at 8:46am (IST) on India’s 52nd Republic day. It resulted in a loss of over 20,000 lives and left behind over 1.7 lakhs people injured. The uplift was 2m, 15 km west of the epicentre. The earthquake caused over 13,800 deaths and extensive damage to properties in the state. As per the sources, the earthquake killed about 20,000 people among which 18 people were from the southeastern part of Pakistan. The death toll was estimated to be around 13,000, with wide scale devastation to property. Generally, liquefaction can be understood as the phenomenon of loss of strength and stiffness of soil particularly saturated due to excessive stress such as seismic forces. The earthquake had a magnitude of 7.7 on the Richter scale. The earthquake was caused at the convergent plate boundary between the Indian plate and the Eurasian plate boundary. The massive earthquake killed between 14 000 and 20 000 people, damaged over 1.2 million houses, and affected almost 8000 villages in Gujarat, west India. Despite all the development and advancement there still exists one aspect of nature that is beyond the control of humans i.e. The Gujarat earthquake 2001 was caused by a fault that ruptured deep in the Earth's crust. One such natural disaster that humans still do not have any hold of is an earthquake. According to the teleseismic data, the epicentral coordinates of the mainshock were 23.36 degrees north and 70.34 degrees east. However as Bhuj is in an intraplate zone, the earthquake was not expected, this is one of the reasons so many buildings were destroyed – because people did not build to earthquake resistant standards in an area earthquakes … By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. The death toll in the Kutch region alone reached 12,300. On January 26, 2001, when India’s Republic Day is normally celebrated, a devastating earthquake hit the state of Gujarat. by Marco PetruzzelliOn 26 January 2001 an earthquake registering 7.9 on the Richter scale devastated the Indian state of Gujarat. India lies on a collision margin. After this fact, the science behind the earthquake gets quite complex. The regions near Bhuj and Bhachau suffered prominent slope failures. Even today the continuous continental collision of the plate boundary between the Indian Plate and the Eurasian plate governs the plate tectonics of the region. Damage to a lesser extent also occurred in the adjoining states of Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra and Rajasthan in India and in Sindh province … It is unpredictable and can occur any day of the year, any second of time, causing a lot of negative impacts and sufferings. The 2001 Gujarat earthquake also commonly known as the Bhuj earthquake occurred at 8:46 a.m. About 600 aftershocks of magnitude ranging from 2.8 to 5.9 have been recorded so far. 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The district of Kutch is quake-prone as it lies on the area of intersection of the Indian and the Eurasian plates. | Brick Boundary Wall | Advantages & Disadvantages, What is Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC)? It is estimated that before the earthquake it had reached 1.6 million. This began about 60 million years … severity of damage during the earthquake. The cause of the Gujarat earthquake on Jan. 26, 2001 was stress from the Indian plate pushing north into the Eurasian plate. At 08:46 local time, on Friday 26th January 2001 it was struck by an earthquake that measured 7.9 on the Richter Scale . Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. This event apparently caused few surface scarps [EERI, 2001; Rajen-dran et al., 2001]. Moreover, it caused severe damages to the physical infrastructures and leftover 229 villages damaged beyond repair. Why? Extensive slope failure occurred in several regions. INTRODUCTION Introductory material Bhuj earthquake of magnitude M w 7.6 (USGS) of January 26, 2001 left a trail of death and devastation in Gujarat. Fibre optics providing communications to the areas became unfunctional. The post-earthquake reports suggest that the areas as far as 300km from the epicentre were affected. The monuments, pagodas, historical places and tombs of Kutch and Saurashtra also either collapsed or suffered serious damage. The shake had reverse motion with severe shakes that lasted about 85 seconds and minor shakes that lasted several minutes. The 2001 Gujarat earthquake was caused by movement on a previously unknown south-dipping fault, trending parallel to the inferred rift structures. The earthquake occurred due to the convergent plate boundary between the Eurasian plate and the Indian Plate that pushed together to cause the earthquake (“2001 Gujarat earthquake”, n.d.). It was an intraplate earthquake, meaning it occurred within a plate boundary. When? Where? Between 16,000 and 20,000 people lost their lives, more than … Some of the effects of the earthquake can be summarized as follows:  Fault Rupture: Though, no significant evidence for fault rupture has been found post the earthquake, however, ground deformations and ground cracks were prominent in the severely affected areas. According to the Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage (INTACH), about 40% of the heritages were collapsed or severely damaged. The destruction was so massive that the relief operations could not be carried out immediately. According to the U.S. Geological Survey, this quake was a complex earthquake, involving a small event followed by the larger and more destructive earthquakes two seconds later. … An earthquake is a sudden event of movement of the surface of the earth or ground resulting from the passage of seismic waves through the tectonic plates and rocks of Earth. Earthquake (2001): On January 26th 2001 an earthquake of 7.7 magnitude hit the Indian state of Gujarat. The Gujarat Earthquake,2001 directly affected the existing geographical formations, physical infrastructures, human settlements and lives, livestock and other animals and other assets of the country. About 20,000 people died and millions were injured throughout the region. Rock slope failure could be observed in an area over 10,000 km. The shakes induced was felt in about 70% of the regions of the country and the tremors were felt even in Nepal and Pakistan. A large majority of the local crops were ruined as well. The earthquake lasted for two to three minutes. THE GUJARAT EARTHQUAKE On 26 January 2001, India’s worst earthquake in more than 50 years struck the western state of Gujarat. An earthquake measuring 7.9 on the Richter Scale. 2001: Thousands die in Gujarat quake A massive earthquake has struck western India and parts of Pakistan, killing many thousands of people. The settlement of Bhuj was devastated. The 2001 Gujarat Earthquake took place at a distance of 20 kilometers from Bhuj, Gujarat, and was scaled as 6.9 on the Richter scale. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. The Gujarat earthquake destroyed 300,000 houses. Since the earthquake occurred on Republic Day, most of Government machinery was occupied thus immediate Government response was not possible. 10,000 crores. KEYWORDS earthquake / Gujarat / livelihoods / risk / urban / vulnerability I. The earthquake which struck India's western State of Gujarat at 08:46 local time on 26 January 2001 - India's Republic Day holiday - measured 6.9 on the Richter scale and lasted about 110 seconds. Bridges and railways of the affected area were also destructed. | Advantages, Disadvantages & Uses, What is Irrigation? While there are reports of a major earthquake in the region in 1688 (see Times of India, February 16, 2001, p. 3), the first recorded earthquake in Kutch was on June 16, 1819. Gujarat is located at a distance of 300-400 km from the boundary of the Indian plate and Eurasian plate. Bhuj earthquake of 2001, massive earthquake that occurred on Jan. 26, 2001, in the Indian state of Gujarat, on the Pakistani border.. In the history of natural calamities, the 2001 Gujarat Earthquake was the most devastating in India. This area faced a roughly west-east rifting trend during the break-up of Gondwana in the Jurassi… Gujarat Earthquake, 2001. Read More:  Places to hide during earthquake, Earthquake Proof Buildings | Features of Earthquake…, What to do during an earthquake? The reports suggest that these have originated as a result of liquefaction and lateral spreading during the quake. The Kutch district was the most severely damaged one. Among the 25 districts of the state of Gujarat, 22 districts suffered severe damage. In rural regions, almost 229 villages were severely damaged. OThe death toll in the Kutch region was 12,300. THE GUJARAT EARTHQUAKE 2001 Anil Kkumar Sinha, Senior Technical Advisor, Asian Disaster Reduction Center One of the two most deadly earthquakes to strike India in its recorded history was the Bhuj earthquake that shook the Indian Province of Gujarat on the morning of January 26, 2001 (Republic Day). ( USGS ) places the epicenter of the earthquake social animals instilled with emotions, and. From within cause of gujarat earthquake 2001 outside the country estimated to be about 6.2 * 10^28 dyne-cm foods, tents and... Superior social animals instilled with emotions, feelings and most importantly wisdom, meaning it within... After this fact, the epicentral coordinates of the local crops were ruined as well as.... And parts of Pakistan, killing many thousands of lives as well as economics Bhuj. 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